Understanding Measles: Your Questions Answered

Following the recent confirmation of a measles case in an unvaccinated child in Olmsted County, Olmsted County Public Health Services (OCPHS) is sharing additional information to help residents understand the risks of measles, how it spreads, and share precautions to help protect the community.    

Measles is a serious and highly contagious disease, but it is preventable through vaccination. To help residents stay informed and prepared, we’ve compiled the following frequently asked questions about measles, symptoms to watch for, what to do if exposed, and how to access vaccination resources. 

What is measles? 

Measles is a highly contagious rash illness and can be a serious disease leading to hospitalization and even death. Measles spreads easily by coughing, sneezing, or even being in the same room with someone who has measles. The virus can remain in the air and on surfaces for up to two hours after an infected person leaves an area.  

How does measles spread? 

The measles virus spreads easily through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also linger in the air or on surfaces for several hours. People can spread measles before they even know they’re sick. 

What are the symptoms of measles? 

Symptoms of measles usually appear 8–12 days after exposure and include: 

• Fever. 
• Cough, runny nose, or watery eyes. 
• Rash (starts at the hairline, spreads down the body). The rash typically appears 2–3 days after the fever begins and lasts about 5–6 days. 

How long is someone with measles contagious? 

A person is contagious from 4 days before the rash appears to 4 days after it appears. 

What should I do if my child or I have symptoms of measles? 

If symptoms develop, people should call their health care provider before going to a clinic. Calling first is an important way to ensure that proper care is received without accidentally exposing other people to measles.  

Stay home and avoid visitors. 

What should I do if I’ve been exposed to measles? 

Call your doctor or clinic right away. If you’re not vaccinated, getting a measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) shot within 3 days of exposure may prevent illness. 

How can I protect myself and my family from measles? 

Vaccination is the best protection. The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. 

• Infants 6–12 months: May get an early dose if traveling internationally or during an outbreak. 
• Children: 1st dose at 12–15 months, 2nd dose at 4–6 years (can be given earlier if needed). 
• Adults born in 1957 or later: Should have at least one dose of MMR if they haven’t had measles or the vaccine. 
• Students, health care workers, and international travelers: Need two doses. 

Talk to your health care provider to make sure your vaccinations are up to date. 

You can also check your immunization records to confirm you and your children have received the MMR vaccine. Minnesotans can also go to Find My Immunization Record. 

Where can I get the MMR vaccine? 

Your primary care health provider can check to make sure you and your family are up to date on your immunizations. 

OCPHS offers MMR vaccines for people who are uninsured or underinsured. Call 507-328-7500 for more information. 

Want to learn more or talk with other parents about vaccines? 

Visit Voices for Vaccines – a family-led organization that: 

• Empowers families to understand the real risks of vaccine-preventable diseases. 
• Builds confidence in vaccines. 
• Supports informed, science-based decisions. 

For more information 

For more detailed guidance on measles, vaccination, and public health recommendations, visit the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) measles webpage. 

For further questions or concerns, call OCPHS at 507-328-7500.